Advancement in Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review

In last decade, Tissue Engineering has moved a way ahead and has proposed solutions by replacing the permanently or severely damaged tissues of our body. The field has expanded to tissue regeneration of cartilage, bone, blood vessels, skin, etc. The domain of tissue engineering is very wide and is the combination of bioengineering, biology & biochemistry. This review is focus on recent research advancement in bone tissue engineering. Bone grafting techniques are used to replace the severely damaged due to any accident, trauma or any disease. These are either allograft, autologous or synthetic bone properties similar to bone. Bone Tissue Engineering is part of a synthetic technique and overcome the limitations faced in other two mentioned techniques. Bone Tissue engineering is rapidly developing field and has become important due to its remarkable therapeutic properties. Mesenchymal stem cells are used as starting cells in tissue regeneration. These cells get differentiated into bone cells and start multiplying to form bone. One inevitable requirement of these growing human cells is a strong support which helps in the proper growth. This support is known as scaffold, in tissue engineering. For proper regeneration of cells scaffold materials plays vital importance in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review attempts is illustrate the biology of natural bone, various desirable properties of scaffold, biomaterials used for fabrication of scaffold and various fabrication techniques with examples of bone regenerate.